# Postclient — desktop PEC, REM, and IMAP mail client

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**Language:** [English](README.md) · [Italiano](README.it.md) · [Français](README.fr.md) · [Deutsch](README.de.md) · [Español](README.es.md)

The application UI is English, Italian, French, German, or Spanish. These documents describe the same open-source **desktop email client** for people who send and keep **posta elettronica certificata (PEC)**, **eIDAS registered electronic mail (REM)**, and ordinary **IMAP / POP3 / SMTP** mail on Windows, Linux, and macOS.

Postclient is a **local mail client**, not a web mailbox. It talks IMAP, POP3, and SMTP to accounts you already have: Gmail, Microsoft 365, Italian **PEC** at a qualified gestore (Aruba, InfoCert Legalmail, Namirial, Poste Italiane, Register.it, Libero, and custom-domain IMAP), and European **REM** when the operator publishes IMAP/SMTP. Receipts stay on this PC as `.eml` plus a searchable SQLite archive.

It is **not** a qualified trust service provider (QTSP), **not** a PEC operator, **not** a timestamp authority, and **not** hosted mail. The gestore / QTSP issues envelopes and ricevute. This client unwraps them, shows delivery evidence, and keeps the originals on the machine.

| | |
|--|--|
| Kind | Desktop mail client for PEC, REM, and IMAP |
| OS | Windows, Linux, macOS (Apple Silicon and Intel) |
| Stack | C#, .NET 10, Avalonia, MailKit |
| License | [Apache 2.0](LICENSE.md) |
| Not | A QTSP, a new PEC/REM address, cloud mail, or a scanner |

Changes: [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md). Contributing: [CONTRIBUTING.md](CONTRIBUTING.md).

## Built for certified mail on the desktop

Typical desktop and web mail treats a PEC **busta** or an ETSI REM evidence part as just another attachment. Postclient is written around that evidence:

- **Unwrap PEC / REM envelopes** — read the inner `postacert.eml` (the message the recipient was meant to see) instead of the gestore wrapper; Type column **PEC**, **RIC**, **REM**, or digitally signed **SIG**.
- **Delivery column from operator evidence** — accettazione, avvenuta-consegna, ETSI `SubmissionAcceptance` / `Delivery` / `Retrieval`, LRE and AR24 avis, De-Mail Zustellung and Abholbestätigung, acuse de recibo. After SMTP send, **Sent** is matched to Inbox/Ricevute ricevute by Message-Id, `daticert.xml`, and subject prefixes. Italian PEC has **no read receipt**: avvenuta consegna is deposit in the certified mailbox.
- **FatturaPA preview** — Italian e-invoice XML as a readable view (XML parser, not generative AI).
- **Fascicolo of original `.eml`** — export selected messages as the files a notaio, PA desk, bank, or court can keep.
- **From is a mailbox picker** — you cannot type a free From; send uses the SMTP identity of the connected account.
- **Practice labels on this PC** — tag a condominium, a client file, an IMU notice. Labels are local, not a studio-wide database.
- **Full-folder local archive** — Get Messages stores the **whole IMAP folder** in `mail.db` plus `.eml` on disk (not a last-N window). Keyword FTS on subject, body, PDF/XML/HTML/CSV/JSON attachment text, and labels.
- **On-device meaning search (RAG)** — optional EmbeddingGemma 300M in **Settings → Indices…**. Vectors stay in `mail.db`. Mail never leaves the machine. Rebuild or repair keyword and meaning indices.
- **Rules across mailboxes** — move, delete, flag, label; a destination folder can live on another account, including an attached **folder store**. Import JSON or a legacy `.rwz` file; export is JSON.
- **Folder stores** — create, attach, detach, or move a directory that holds `.eml` plus its own `mail.db` (keyword + meaning index). **Import Outlook PST…** copies into a store; it does not register the `.pst` as a mailbox. Default store path: `%LocalAppData%\Postclient\stores\{name}` (portable: `{install}/data/stores/{name}`).
- **Country packs** — **Settings → Features** turns Italy (PEC, FatturaPA, fascicolo), Europe (eIDAS REM), France, Germany, Spain, and Switzerland evidence labels on or off. Ordinary IMAP stays available.

## Who it is for

### Private individuals

Daily client for one or more addresses: Gmail or Microsoft 365 next to a personal **PEC** (Italy) or an IMAP **REM** mailbox (EU). Search a condominium notice, a tax file, or a PA communication years later without leaving the originals on someone else’s server.

Typical use: certified and ordinary mail in one window; see whether the gestore accepted and deposited a PEC; print or save a PDF; export the original `.eml` if a municipality, bank, or court asks for it.

### Practices and agencies

Use it when certified identities must not be mixed: personal PEC, studio PEC, ordinary mail. A commercialista, avvocato, notaio, CAF, condominium administrator, or EU practice that files with PA can keep each gestore mailbox separate (IMAP **QUOTA** on the account node), group a send with its ricevute, and export a fascicolo without uploading the practice to a third-party archive.

The program does not replace the gestore, does not issue a qualified ricevuta, and does not share labels across office PCs.

## Accounts and protocols

Incoming: **IMAP** (full folder tree), **POP3** (Inbox only), or a local **folder store**. Unicode `.pst` can still be **imported** into a store. Outgoing: **SMTP**. Encryption: Auto, SSL/TLS, STARTTLS, STARTTLS if available, or none. MailKit uses the SASL methods the server advertises.

Several mailboxes at once. Presets fill hosts and ports:

| Preset | Role |
|--|--|
| Gmail | IMAP/SMTP; Google sign-in through Identity Hub (`identity.maks-it.com`) or a Gmail app password |
| Microsoft 365 | IMAP/SMTP; Microsoft sign-in through Identity Hub. Most of these accounts reject a mailbox password |
| IT PEC — Aruba | `imaps.pec.aruba.it` / `smtps.pec.aruba.it` (POP3: `pop3s.pec.aruba.it`) |
| IT PEC — InfoCert Legalmail | `mbox.cert.legalmail.it` / `sendm.cert.legalmail.it`. Username is often the InfoCert User ID, not the address |
| IT/EU PEC — Namirial | `imaps.sicurezzapostale.it` / `smtps.sicurezzapostale.it` |
| IT PEC — Poste Italiane | `mail.postecert.it` |
| IT PEC — Register.it | `imap.pec-email.com` / `smtp.pec-email.com` |
| IT PEC — Libero | `mail.postacert.it.net` |
| EU — Intesi Group | `imap.ig-trustmail.com` / `smtp.ig-trustmail.com` |
| IMAP / POP3 | Any host the operator gave you. Set **mailbox kind** to Italian PEC or EU REM if that mailbox is certified (including a custom domain) |
| Folder store | Local bucket on disk (`postclient.store.json` + `mail.db` + `.eml`). No password and no SMTP. Create, attach, detach, or move from the File menu. |

Certified IMAP mailboxes use the gestore password, or an app password if the gestore has 2FA. **AR24** (France), **De-Mail** (Germany), **IncaMail** (Switzerland), and **Lleida** (Spain) are usually not IMAP. If that operator gave you IMAP/POP3 hosts, choose **IMAP / POP3**. Otherwise this client cannot open that mailbox; it can still display ETSI REM evidence on messages you import as `.eml`.

Gmail and Microsoft 365 sign-in uses **Identity Hub** at `https://identity.maks-it.com` (covered app `MaksIT.PostClient`). Account Settings opens `/desktop-login?provider=Google` or `Microsoft` in the built-in WebView. The Hub JWT and Hub refresh token stay in `secrets.bin`; IMAP/SMTP use a short-lived **mailbox token** (XOAUTH2), not the Hub JWT. On connect the client refreshes the Hub session from that refresh token so Gmail and Outlook stay signed in after you close the app. If an older build stored a JWT without a refresh token, sign in once more from Account Settings. Override the origin with `POSTCLIENT_IDENTITY_HUB` (Compose: `http://localhost:8080`). Password / app password still work for PEC and generic IMAP.

Passwords and Hub tokens stay next to settings (`DPAPI` on Windows, file mode `600` on Linux/macOS), never in `settings.json`.

## Italian PEC (posta elettronica certificata)

Italian certified mail is a **busta** produced by the gestore:

- transport message with `X-Trasporto: posta-certificata`, `daticert.xml`, and the original as `postacert.eml`;
- ricevute (`X-Ricevuta`) in **Inbox** and **Ricevute**: accettazione, presa-in-carico, avvenuta-consegna, non-accettazione, mancata-consegna, rilevazione-virus, preavviso-errore-consegna.

View → **Unwrap PEC/REM envelope** shows the inner `postacert.eml`. The Type column marks **PEC** (transport) or **RIC** (ricevuta).

Italian PEC has **no read receipt**. **Avvenuta consegna** means the message was deposited in the recipient’s certified mailbox, not that a person opened it.

## European REM (eIDAS registered electronic mail)

When the message carries ETSI REM evidence (`REMEvidence` / `urn:etsi:rem`, or a part name such as `remevidence` / `rem-md`), the client treats it as **REM**. Event types map onto the same delivery column as PEC:

- `SubmissionAcceptance` → accepted by the QTSP;
- `Delivery` / LRE or AR24 avis de réception / De-Mail Zustellung / acuse de recibo → deposited;
- `ContentConsignment` / `Retrieval` / De-Mail `Abholbestätigung` → the recipient retrieved the content (closest European equivalent of “read”);
- rejection, virus, non-delivery, `DeliveryExpiration` → failed.

S/MIME (`smime.p7s` / `smime.p7m`) is shown as digitally signed; it is not PEC and not REM.

## Delivery column after send

After SMTP send, Postclient stores the outbound **Message-Id** and, when you open **Sent**, reconciles gestore ricevute from **Inbox** and **Ricevute**. That wait applies only to accounts whose kind is PEC or REM (a PEC/REM preset, or IMAP/POP3 with that mailbox kind). Ordinary Gmail, Microsoft 365, and IMAP just report as sent. Matching uses, in order: `daticert.xml` `<msgid>`, `X-Riferimento-Message-ID`, `In-Reply-To`, PEC `identificativo`, then subject prefixes (`ACCETTAZIONE:`, `CONSEGNA:`, `AVIS DE RECEPTION:`, `ACUSE DE RECIBO:`, `ZUSTELLBESTAETIGUNG:`, `ABHOLBESTAETIGUNG:`, …).

| Evidence | Mark | Meaning |
|--|--|--|
| PEC `accettazione` / `presa-in-carico`, ETSI `SubmissionAcceptance` | Accepted | The gestore took the message |
| PEC `avvenuta-consegna`, ETSI `Delivery`, LRE/AR24 avis, De-Mail Zustellung | Delivered | Deposited in the recipient **certified mailbox** — Italian PEC has **no read receipt** |
| ETSI `ContentConsignment` / `Retrieval`, De-Mail `Abholbestätigung` | Retrieved | Recipient picked up the content |
| `non-accettazione`, `mancata-consegna`, virus, ETSI rejection | Failed | Gestore reported non-acceptance or failed delivery |

This client **shows** operator evidence. It does not issue a qualified ricevuta, PEC envelope, or timestamp.

Desktop notices fire for new PEC, ricevute, and REM (Windows toast, macOS notification, Linux `notify-send`).

## Reading, folders, compose

- Folder tree follows the server (Inbox, Ricevute/Receipts, Drafts, Sent, Archive, Junk, Trash, plus custom folders). Nested IMAP paths show as nested folders, including Gmail’s `[Gmail]/…` labels under `[Gmail]`. Standard folders that the server stores as `INBOX.Drafts` / `INBOX.Sent` / `INBOX.Trash` sit next to Inbox, not under it. Gmail uses `/` as the separator, so a label like `P.IVA` stays one folder. System folders cannot be deleted. You can create a folder, empty one (to Trash, or permanently in Trash), mark all read/unread, delete a custom folder, and drag messages onto a folder. Which accounts and nested folders are expanded or collapsed is kept in `settings.json`.
- List columns: unread, flag, attachments, delivery, type (PEC / RIC / REM / SIG), from, subject, date (local `yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm`), size, practice label.
- View: HTML (OS web engine), plain text, raw source, or **FatturaPA**. Layout: list above reading, or three columns (folders, list, reading).
- **Group conversations** indents replies in the folder list using Message-ID / In-Reply-To / References (depth up to 8). PEC ricevute that share the same original sit together. There is no separate conversation pane.
- Message actions: reply, reply all, forward, open in a new window, read/unread, flag, priority, mark as spam, not spam, delete. **Shift+click** and **Ctrl+click** select several messages or folders. Delete (toolbar, **Del**, empty folder) moves the selection to Trash. Deleting from Trash is permanent.
- Compose is **plain text**. To, Cc, Bcc are address chips. Attachments are listed on the composer. **Send attachments as ZIP** packs dropped files (optional password). Send uses the selected mailbox’s SMTP identity only.

HTML uses the OS engine: **WebView2** on Windows (profile under the data folder), **WebKitGTK** on Linux, **WKWebView** on macOS. If the engine is missing, the text body is shown instead.

Linux packages for the HTML view:

```bash
sudo apt install libgtk-3-0 libwebkit2gtk-4.1-0 libsoup-3.0-0
```

Fedora: `gtk3 webkit2gtk4.1 libsoup3`.

## Local archive, keyword search, and meaning index

Get Messages indexes the **whole IMAP folder** into a local SQLite store (`mail.db`) plus `.eml` objects on disk. POP3 only fills Inbox. Indexing runs in the background; the status bar shows progress.

- **Settings → Indices…**: keyword index (FTS) plus optional EmbeddingGemma 300M (~300 MB) meaning index. The ONNX package downloads once into the machine folder (`ProgramData\MaksIT\Postclient\models`, or `/var/lib/maksit/postclient/models` on Linux) and is shared by every account and the sync service. Vectors stay in `mail.db` on this PC. Device: Auto / CPU / GPU (Windows DirectML). Rebuild or repair if search looks wrong. Weights use Google’s Gemma Terms.

Search (current folder) covers subject, body, attachment text (PDF and text/XML/HTML/CSV/JSON), practice labels, and meaning when the model is ready. The search box has an × that clears the text. Labels exist only on this PC.

The archive is **only on this PC**. File → Open archive folder / Export archive copies `mail.db` and the `.eml` files. Paths:

| OS | Config | Data |
|--|--|--|
| Windows | `%AppData%\Postclient\` | `%LocalAppData%\Postclient\` |
| Linux | `~/.config/postclient/` | `~/.local/share/postclient/` |
| macOS | `~/Library/Application Support/Postclient/` | same |

Override with `POSTCLIENT_CONFIG` / `POSTCLIENT_DATA_DIR`. A portable Windows zip that contains `settings.json` with `installType: portable` keeps config next to the executable.

IMAP **QUOTA** from the gestore (when the server supports it) is a thin bar on that account in the folder tree. POP3 shows used size from STAT when the server has no limit. Local stores have no server quota. That is the operator mailbox, not cloud storage from this application.

## Import, export, print

| Action | What you get |
|--|--|
| Import EML | Originals into the current folder |
| Import mbox | Local mbox stores from a desktop mail profile |
| Import `.pst` / `.ost` | Copies Outlook mail **into a folder store** (proposed path under app data `stores/`). Re-import into the same store skips duplicates by Message-ID. Close any program that has the file open. |
| New store | File menu: empty bucket (`Inbox`, `Drafts`, `Sent Items`, `Deleted Items`) with `postclient.store.json` and `mail.db`. |
| Attach store | File menu: pick a folder that already has `postclient.store.json`. Recovers mail + search after an AppData wipe. |
| Move / Detach store | Copy the whole directory (or unregister it). The folder stays on disk when detached. |
| Retention | **Settings → Retention…**: days per folder (`0` = forever). Expired folder mail is moved to Trash after Get Messages. On Trash, `0` keeps it forever and a number of days permanently deletes older Trash. |
| Background sync | **Settings → Background sync**: a boot-time service (Windows service, Linux system systemd unit). It syncs every saved mailbox with nobody signed in. **Share this account** only lets other people on this PC open that mailbox. |
| Shared account | **Account settings → Share this account with other users on this PC**: that mailbox moves to the machine folder (`ProgramData\MaksIT\Postclient`, or `Public` when ProgramData is not writable; `/var/lib/maksit/postclient` on Linux; `/Users/Shared/MaksIT/Postclient` on macOS). Other users see it when they open Postclient. Passwords are not copied. |
| Easy Migration | **File → Easy Migration → Create bundle…** asks for a passphrase twice in one window, then Save. The `.postbundle` holds mail, accounts, secrets, and the shared model folder. **Open bundle…** restores it into this PC’s Postclient folders and rewrites store paths. Background sync stays off until you turn it on here. |
| Spam marks | **Mark as spam** remembers that message on this PC and teaches every mailbox, even after the message or mailbox is gone. Similar mail is only a hint. **Not spam** drops that memory and returns the message to Inbox. Moving mail into Junk does not teach the filter. **Settings → Indices… → Spam marks…** lists what was learned. |
| Updates and logs | **Help → Check for updates…** asks GitHub for the latest release and can download the package for this system. **Help → Logs** opens a copyable window over the app log folder. **Help → About** lists Info, Privacy, Security, and Support at maks-it.com. |
| Rules | **Settings → Rules**: **Import rules…** reads this app’s JSON export or a legacy `.rwz` file. **Export rules…** writes JSON. Each rule is bound to an **account**; a move folder can live on another mailbox (including a store). They run on Get Messages, on import, and from **Run all rules**. |
| Print | Readable HTML of the (optionally unwrapped) message |
| Save PDF | Same content as a PDF |
| Save attachments ZIP | All attachments of the open message |
| Export selected EML (fascicolo) | The original `.eml` files — what a notaio or PA can keep as the message |

Opened messages are also stored as `.eml` under the data folder. The `.eml` files are the originals; PDF/print are a reading copy.

## Interface language

View → Language: **English**, **Italiano**, **Français**, **Deutsch**, or **Español**. Folder names from the server (Posta in arrivo, Gesendet, Messages envoyés, Enviados, …) are mapped to Inbox/Sent/… in the UI language.

## Country packs

**Settings → Features** is a checkbox matrix of **certified-mail** UI only. Ordinary IMAP/POP3, search, practice labels, mbox/`.pst` import, and attached data files stay on. Rows are certified-mail features; columns are **Italy**, **Europe**, **France**, **Germany**, **Spain**, **Switzerland**. The header checkbox turns every feature in that column on or off.

| Pack | What it unlocks | Default |
|--|--|--|
| Italy | PEC envelope / ricevute / delivery, Italian PEC presets, FatturaPA preview, fascicolo export | On |
| Europe | eIDAS REM evidence, Intesi REM preset | On |
| France / Germany / Spain / Switzerland | Operator evidence labels (AR24/LRE, De-Mail, Lleida, IncaMail). Those networks are usually not IMAP. | Off |

Turn off a pack to hide its menus, columns, and account presets. Existing mailboxes stay; only the extra UI goes away.

## Downloads

When a GitHub Release exists: Windows portable zip and setup (`postclient-{version}.exe`, self-contained — no .NET SDK on the PC; default path `C:\Program Files\MaksIT\Postclient`), Linux Flatpak, macOS DMG (`osx-arm64` and `osx-x64`). macOS builds are unsigned: first launch is **Open** from the context menu. WinGet listing comes later from the same setup exe.

### Linux (Flatpak)

GitHub releases include `postclient-{version}.flatpak` when the Windows release run finds WSL Debian + Flatpak builder.

```bash
flatpak install --user ./postclient-{version}.flatpak
flatpak run eu.postclient.desktop
```

## Run from source

```powershell
dotnet run --project src/MaksIT.PostClient.UI
```

From `src/` so `global.json` applies:

```powershell
cd src
dotnet build MaksIT.PostClient.slnx
```

## Tests

```powershell
utils\Invoke-TestEngine.bat
```

Coverage shields at the top of this file are maintained by the test engine (**CoverageBadges**).

## Release

1. Update [CHANGELOG.md](CHANGELOG.md) and bump `<Version>` in [src/Directory.Build.props](src/Directory.Build.props).
2. Tag `v{version}` on `main` when a remote exists.
3. Run `utils\Invoke-ReleasePackage.bat` (self-contained Windows zip + setup exe, Linux Flatpak via WSL). Publishing the GitHub Release starts [macOS release assets](.github/workflows/macos-release.yml), which attaches unsigned `osx-arm64` and `osx-x64` DMGs.

## License

Apache License 2.0. Copyright 2026 Maksym Sadovnychyy (MAKS-IT).